Gum diseases can be categorized into two broad groups, namely gingivitis and periodontitis.
Gingivitis is definitely an inflammation of the gingivae (gums) in every age brackets but manifests more frequently in children and teenagers.
Periodontitis is an inflammation with subsequent destruction with the other tooth-supporting structures, namely the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum and subsequent loss in teeth. This problem mainly manifests in early mid-life with severity increasing in the elderly.
Gingivitis can or may progress to periodontitis state within an individual.
Gum diseases have been located to become just about the most widespread chronic diseases throughout the world which has a prevalence of between 90 and 100 % in grown-ups over 35 years of age in developing countries. It has recently been proved to be the reason behind tooth loss in individuals 4 decades and above.
Bad breath is among the major consequences of gum diseases.
Many of the terms which can be greatly connected with halitosis bad breath and gum diseases are highlighted below:
Dental Plaque- The essential requirement for the prevention and management of an illness is definitely an idea of its causes. The main reason for gum diseases is bacteria, which form a fancy around the tooth surface generally known as plaque. These bacteria’s would be the source of halitosis bad breath.
Dental plaque is bacterial accumulations around the teeth or another solid oral structures. If it is of sufficient thickness, seems like being a whitish, yellowish layer mainly down the gum margins for the tooth surface. Its presence can also be discerned with a conventional dye or fluorescent dye (demonstrated by illumination with ultraviolet light), disclosing solution or by scraping the teeth surface along the gum margins.
When plaque is examined within the microscope, it reveals a multitude of a variety of bacteria. Some desquamated oral epithelial cells and white blood cells can also be present. The micro-organisms detected vary in accordance with the site where these are present.
You can find gram positive and gram negative organisms, filamentous and flagellated organisms, spirochetes and occasionally small variety of even yeasts, mycoplasma and protozoa.
Clean tooth surfaces after brushing are typically protected by a thin layer of glycoproteins from saliva called pellicle. Pellicle provides for the selective adherence of bacteria to the tooth surface.
Through the initial hours, the bacteria proliferate to make colonies. Moreover, other organisms may also populate the pellicle from adjacent areas produce a complex accumulation of mixed colonies. The material present between your bacteria is termed intermicrobial matrix forming about 25 per cent with the plaque volume. This matrix is principally extra cellular carbohydrate polymers manufactured by the bacteria from dietary sugars; salivary and gingival fluid components; and dying and dead bacteria.
Little plaque are works with gingival or periodontal health. A lot of people can resist larger levels of plaque for lengthy periods without developing destructive periodontitis (inflammation and destruction from the supporting tissues) although they will exhibit gingivitis (inflammation in the gums or gingiva).
Diet And Plaque Formation- Diet may play a crucial part in plaque formation by modifying the quantity and composition of plaque. More the plaque formation could be, there will be more halitosis bad breath.
Fermentable sugars increase plaque formation simply because they provide additional energy supply for bacterial metabolism and provide the raw materials (substrate) for your output of extra cellular polysaccharides.
Secondary Factors
Although plaque may be the responsible for gum diseases, a number of others viewed as secondary factors, local and systemic, predispose towards plaque accumulation or alter the response of gum tissue to plaque. The neighborhood factors are:
1) Cavities inside the teeth;
2) Faulty fillings;
3) Food impaction;
4) Poorly designed partial dentures (dentures);
5) Orthodontic appliances;
6) Misaligned teeth;
7) mouth-breathing
8) Grooves on teeth or roots near gum margins;
9) Reduced salivary flow; and,
10) Smoking tobacco.
The systemic factors which potentially affect the gum tissues are:
1) Systemic diseases, e.g. diabetes mellitus, Down’s syndrome, AIDS, blood disorders and others;
2) Hormonal changes – during puberty, pregnancy, contraceptives intake and menopause;
3) Drug reactions, e.g. immunosuppressive drugs, antihypertensive drugs and antiepileptic drugs; and,
4) Dietary and nutritional factors, e.g. protein deficiency and ascorbic acid and B deficiency.
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