Nicotine, a compound most commonly perfectly located at the plants of the Solanaceae family, is definitely an alkaloid which is found accumulated in the leaves of the plants, the biosynthesis of this chemical occur in the roots of the plants. Nicotine is probably the major components of addictive plants like tobacco (0.6%-3.0%) which is the reason behind their addiction in humans because psychoactive nature.
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1. Etymology
The name nicotine arises from the scientific name of the tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum. The scientific name of the tobacco plant is itself named french ambassador to Portugal Jean Nicot de Villemain. Villeman is credited for sending tobacco seeds and plant saplings to Paris in 1560 for the used in medicinal purposes.
2. Extraction
Nicotine was first obtained from the tobacco plant by German physician Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt and chemist Karl Ludwig Reimann in 1828. After its discovery Posselt and Reimann labelled becoming a poison. In reality nicotine is definitely an antiherbivore chemical, which causes addiction when consumed in control (1mg or fewer) and death if used high amounts (30mg-60mg).
3. Chemistry
Nicotine is definitely an alkaloid with all the chemical formula C10H14N2. Its IUPAC name is 3[2,5-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine. It provides a molecular mass of 162.12g/mol. Nicotine can be a hygroscopic liquid which is miscible with water as a nitrogenous base. Its density is 1.01g/cm3, melting point -79oC and boiling point 247oC. The nicotine molecule features a half life of Two hours and its metabolism is hepatic. Nicotine is also optically active and it has two enantiomeric forms.
4. Nicotine being an insecticide
As already said nicotine is definitely an antiherbivore drug which if used huge amounts is fatal your forms. For this reason nicotine laden tobacco has been utilized being an insecticide could the World War II. But after the WWII its usage drastically lowered due to availability of cheap synthetic insecticides which are more easily available than tobacco much less damaging to mammals. However in the present times the hype surrounding organic farming has again increased the eye of the farmers in the utilization of tobacco as a pesticide being an alternate to traps.
5. Nicotine addiction
Our neurological system has certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine binds to several of the and boosts the amount of several neurotransmitters. Among these neurotransmitters dopamine is a such neurotransmitter which is significantly increased during nicotine use which is accountable for the experience of euphoria and relaxation caused by using tobacco (nicotine) products.
6. Psychoactive connection between nicotine
Nicotine can be a psychoactive substance because it is mood altering. It causes both euphoria and relaxation. Within the body nicotine is metabolised in the liver. First after its metabolism nicotine leads to the discharge of glucose from the liver and epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. This sudden launch of glucose and epinephrine causes euphoria after the use of nicotine. Following the initial euphoria nicotine leads to relaxation, increased alertness and sharpness by working on different neurotransmitters of the body. Nicotine boasts pain relieving properties.
7. Unwanted effects of nicotine intake
Tough it looks like nicotine is a superb substance to raise one’s sharpness, induce calmness and elevate one’s mood there are other negative elements of nicotine intake than positive. Among these the most frequent unwanted effects of nicotine intake are an elevated probability of hypertension and cardiac arrest. It is sad that every cigarette that the man smokes reduces his lifespan by 14 years. Moreover since nicotine has been discovered to modify the working of Estrogen on hippocampus, hence in the long run nicotine users are prone to amnesia and other related diseases.
8. Toxicity
Nicotine is considered to be more toxic than most popular drugs like heroin and cocaine. More damage is conducted by nicotine for the body system since it is readily absorbed through the bloodstream and reaches mental performance through the lungs within 7 seconds of its intake either orally or as nicotine patches.
9. Using nicotine in medical science
Though nicotine is very little doctor’s companion, it can be though not his worst foe. Nicotine noted for its pain relieving properties is being researched upon for use as a potential pain killer minus its side effects. Nicotine been specifically found to reduce preeclampsia, allergic asthma; and the like by in the role of an anti-inflammatory agent.
10. Nicotine in literature
Nicotine continues to be personified in popular literature as Nick O’ Teen, a humanoid villainous character in Superman comics which was created as a part of anti-nicotine drive to educate children concerning the ill-effects of nicotine intake in any form.
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